Gordon of the university of toronto, who originally published it along with eli shapiro in 1956 and made reference to it in 1959. Rankine gordon equation predictions of buckling loads by the euler formula is only reasonable for very long and slender struts that have very small geometrical imperfections. Notes on the sine gordon equation david gablinger january 31, 2007 abstract in this seminar, we will introduce the sinegordon equation, and solve it using a baecklund transfomation. The equation most widely used is called the gordon growth model ggm. The gordon growth model is used to determine the intrinsic value of a stock based on a future series of dividends that grow at a. Exact solutions to the sinegordon equation francesco demontis based on a joint work with t. Relativistic quantum mechanics kleingordon equation dirac. In his book the investors manifesto, william berstein explains how to use the gordon equation to estimate expected real returns on stocks for stocks on the long run. I submit to you that the portfolio swr for a new 30 year retiree will depend a lot on which end of the normal curve the returns land on. Xxv preparatory serc school in theoretical high energy. Another transformation of pseudospherical surfaces is the lie transform introduced by sophus lie in 1879, which corresponds to lorentz boosts in terms of lightcone coordinates, thus the sinegordon equation is lorentz invariant. Solution of the coupled kleingordon schrodinger equation using. The kleingordon equation is that of the motion of a quantum scalar or pseudoscalar.
Department of physics, indian institute of technology madras quantum field theory 5. Supported by ras under grant po sardegna 200720, l. Pdf merge combine pdf files free tool to merge pdf online. The cauchy problem for nonlinear kleingordon equations. Kleingordon equation which gave existence of global solutions of equation 1. Theres a very elegant proof of this equation, which you can read about here. This free online tool allows to combine multiple pdf or image files into a single pdf document.
The gordon growth model is used to determine the intrinsic value of a stock based on a future series of dividends that grow at a constant rate. A study of solutions of the combined sine cosine gordon. In other words, it is used to value stocks based on the net present value of the future dividends. People sometimes use the phrase kleingordon equation to refer to the classical wave equation with a mass term. A common drawback of references 6, 7 and 4 is that asymptotic completeness. The representation on solutions of the sinegordon and klein. This paper gives three new solutions to solve the 2d sine gordon equation. In section 5 we also explore the relationship between the lyapunov equations and the sylvester equation and show how their solutions are related to each other in a simple but interesting way. The coe cient was named by volterra the coe cient of autoincrease. Of particular interest is the domain wall collision to 2d sine gordon equation which to the authors knowledge have not been presented in the literature. This paper gives three new solutions to solve the 2d sinegordon equation.
Lecture notes massachusetts institute of technology. The gordon equation states that the longterm expected real inflation adjusted return from the market should approximate the inflationadjusted compound yearly growth rate in dividends plus the current dividend yield. In electrochemistry, the nernst equation is an equation that relates the reduction potential of an electrochemical reaction halfcell or full cell reaction to the standard electrode potential, temperature, and activities often approximated by concentrations of the chemical species undergoing reduction and oxidation. Pdf merger, combine pdf files into one file online. Easily combine multiple files into one pdf document. East kolkata township kolkata700107, india received 8 june 2007, accepted 25 july 2007 abstract. The representation on solutions of the sinegordon and. Kleingordon equation with a powerlaw nonlinearity 1, kleingordon equation with a powerlaw nonlinearity 2, modi.
Vahidi department of physics, faculty of science urmia university, urmia, p. Since the intrinsic value grows at rate g, g is the capital gain return. Wazwaz, travelling wave solutions for combined and double combined sinecosine gordon equations by. Pdf approximate solutions for solving the kleingordon. One of the results of these two papers is that neither the multidimensional us vol.
The rod systems are solutions of the linear wave equation, driven by a term that is constructed out of sine gordon fronts. How to merge pdfs and combine pdf files adobe acrobat dc. Approximate solutions for solving the kleingordon and sinegordon equations article pdf available in journal of the association of arab universities for basic and applied sciences 22c. Our pdf merger allows you to quickly combine multiple pdf files into one single pdf document, in just a few clicks. The name sinegordon equation is a pun on the wellknown kleingordon equation in physics.
Chapter 5 sinegordon equation the sinegordon equation is a nonlinear hyperbolic partialdifferential equation involving the dalembert operator and the sine of the unknown function. Introduction to dispersive waves, dispersion relations, uniform kleingordon equation, linear superposition and the fourier transform, the stationaryphase method for linear dispersive waves 20 extra lecture pdf. The sinegordon equation is a nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equation involving the dalembert operator and the sine of the unknown function. Sinegordon equation can b e ed solv exactly y b analytical hniques. Klein gordon equation for complex scalar eld with appropriate spacetime metric of one of the neutron star during the bns merger. Gordon equation valuation formula holding that the total return of a stock investment will equal its dividend yield plus its dividend growth rate. Then the sinegordon equation will take the form c 0 2. The solution of the twodimensional sinegordon equation. Fok as a wave equation under the conditions of cyclicity in the fifth coordinate and was shortly afterwards deduced by several authors for example, w.
Investors can then compare companies against other industries using this simplified model. We have studied the solutions of the combined sinecosine gordon equation found by wazwaz a. The klein gordon equation plays an important role in mathematical physics 1 2 3 and attracted more attention from scientists and engineering in different matter like investigation of the interaction of solutions in a collisionless plasma, the recurrence of initial states and examination of the nonlinear wave equ. I tell them to use the expectation value if theyre looking to solve the semiclassical problem. In practice, however, most column struts suffer plastic knockdown and the experimentally obtained buckling loads are much less than the euler predictions. It was originally considered in the nineteenth century in the course of study of surfaces of constant negative curvature. In this article, we have checked the representation on solutions of sinegordon and kleingordon equations by laplace transform. How to derive general solution to the kleingordon equation. Klein gordon and squareroot operator equations for twospinors and scalars. Elmo suggests that you play with these to develop some intuition for gordons formula. We focus, in particular, on two of their principal solutions, namely the kinklike heteroclinic connections and the timeperiodic, exponentially localized in space breather waveforms. It was originally introduced by edmond bour in the course of study of surfaces of constant negative curvature as the gausscodazzi equation for surfaces of curvature. A ear y later, b lam and witz, ablo kaup, ell, new segur produced erse v in scattering metho ds to e solv the equation, reducing pde a able solv.
Pdf exact solutions of coupled sinegordon equations. Pdf approximate solutions for solving the kleingordon and. Notes on the sine gordon equation david gablinger january 31, 2007 abstract in this seminar, we will introduce the sine gordon equation, and solve it using a baecklund transfomation. A new sinegordon equation expansion algorithm 301 nonlinear di. Kleingordon and squareroot operator equations for twospinors and scalars.
Solutions of the klein gordon equation for the harmonic oscillator potential plus nad potential h. In the absence of predators, the prey population xwould grow proportionally to its size, dxdt x, 0. Numerical solution of kleinsinegordon equations by. This can be done since super uidity can also be described in the eld theoretical framework, where bec is generally characterized by breaking of u1 global symmetry 18, 19. By rearranging the terms in the equation, the gordon growth model can be used to relate the pd ratio to dividend growth and the discount rate. See also special cases of the nonlinear kleingordon equation. Combines pdf files, views them in a browser and downloads. In this paper we implement step c above for the elliptic sine gordon equation formulated in the half plane.
Solutions of the kleingordon equation for the harmonic. The non relativistic limit of the klein gordon equation kg is the schrodinger equation s. The dirichlettoneumann map for the elliptic sinegordon. Furthermore, we also give a numeric solution using a splitstep algorithm, and also present two physical applications of the sine gordon equation. Sinegordon equation neqwiki, the nonlinear equations.
Let us look for solutions of the sinegordon equation. I do agree that the approach seems a little confused. Select or drag your files, then click the merge button to download your document into one pdf file. It was named after walther nernst, a german physical chemist who formulated. Solution of the coupled kleingordon schrodinger equation. Solutions of the kleingordon equation for the harmonic oscillator potential plus nad potential h.
The dividend discount model ddm is a method of valuing a companys stock price based on the theory that its stock is worth the sum of all of its future dividend payments, discounted back to their present value. The non relativistic limit of the kleingordon equation kg is the schrodinger equation s. Gordon growth model guide, formula, examples and more. A complex field remains a complex field as expected for nonrelativistic problems where we are all familiar with wave functions and their interpretation. The non relativistic limit of the real kleingordon equation.
Furthermore, we also give a numeric solution using a splitstep algorithm, and also present two physical applications of the sinegordon equation. Gordon growth model is a model to determine the fundamental value of stock, based on the future sequence of dividends that mature at a constant rate, provided that the dividend per share is payable in a year, the assumption of the growth of dividend at a constant rate is eternity, the model helps in solving the present value of the infinite series of all. Fun with the gordon growth model calculating investor. We start with a basic equation called gordons growth model, p d r g, where p is price, d is dividend, r is the required rate of return, and g is the growth of dividends over time. A ear y later, b lam and witz, ablo kaup, ell, new segur produced erse v in scattering metho ds to e solv the equation, reducing. The gordon growth model also known as the gordon dividend model or dividend discount model is a stock valuation method that calculates a stocks intrinsic value, regardless of current market conditions. The relativisticallyinvariant quantum equation describing spinless scalar or pseudoscalar particles, for example, and mesons. The equation, as well as several solution techniques, were known in the nineteenth century in the course of study of various problems of differential geometry. The sine gordon equation is a nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equation involving the dalembert operator and the sine of the unknown function. The graph below shows how pd relates to r for fixed growth rate of 5%. An additional linear operation maps multirod systems onto sets of blobs. May 18, 2011 the basic idea behind dcf analysis is as follows. In the present chapter, we consider two prototypical kleingordon models.
The sine gordon equation posed in the upper half plane was considered in 49, but the dirichlettoneumann map theorem 5. The behavior of a circular ring quasisoliton arising from the twodimensional sg equation initial was investigated numerically in bogolyubskii. For a fixed growth rate, g, we can relate pd to the discount rate r. Soda pdf merge tool allows you to combine pdf files in seconds. The result of 4 also applies to the case of systems of kleingordon equations with arbitrary combinations of masses. In this section, we give the basic theory of the sinegordon equation and the variety of its travelingwave solutions, as spatiotemporal models of nonlinear excitations in complex physical systems. The rod systems are solutions of the linear wave equation, driven by a term that is constructed out of sinegordon fronts. Kleingordon and squareroot operator equations for two. Merge pdf online combine pdf files for free foxit software. Bullough sinegordon equation with q 2t nor any of the multiple sinegordon equations. So, if the current dividend yield is 2% the gordon equation would predict a 3. Exact solutions to the sine gordon equation francesco demontis based on a joint work with t. The gordon equation can it predict future market returns. Kk q 1 2 1 1 q 1 2 2 2 one sinegordon kink and one antikink.
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